A new study by researchers at Wake Forest University School of Medicine reveals how extremes of sleep – both too much and too little – can be hazardous to your health – especially for young minority women, a group most affected by obesity and chronic metabolic diseases.
The research also shows that there's more to "fat" than what we choose to eat – social factors such as the need to work three jobs in a bad economy – could be causing dangerous fat deposition around vital organs. This study brings up some interesting questions about the way we live. We may need to start looking at other behaviours too, apart from the basic daily food choices that could be contributing to the obesity epidemic in younger age groups, feel the scientists.
In individuals under 40, the study showed a clear association between averaging five hours or less of sleep each night and large increases in visceral fat, or fat around the organs. Of the study participants under 40, Hispanic men and black women were the largest groups to report getting such little sleep.
These people are also more prone to metabolic conditions, including increased rates of obesity, insulin resistance and type-2 diabetes. The study suggests that part of the explanation for higher rates of metabolic disease in this population may lie in the association between sleep duration and fat deposition.
But sleeping the day away won't do much to better one's health, either. The researchers found that getting more than eight hours of sleep on average per night has a similar – though less pronounced – effect and is a problem most commonly seen in Hispanic women of all ages. Surprisingly, the connection between extremes of sleep and accumulation of visceral fat was seen only in patients under 40. It is not yet known as to why the effect wasn't seen in participants over 40, but it was clear that, in individuals under 40, it is worse to get five or less hours of sleep on average each night than it is to get eight or more hours. Both may be detrimental and, in general, people should aim for six to eight hours of sleep each night.
The study raised important social questions for researchers, such as why lack of sleep is such a problem under age 40 and what circumstances may be contributing to their sleep patterns and likely to obesity and chronic disease development?
The relation between sleep and obesity is well-known; but this study has given a new starting point. The researchers add that it will be important for future obesity research to consider sleep patterns and the effect they can have on outcomes. Until the connection is understood, physicians should consider gathering information about sleep patterns just as they do other vital information when seeing patients. This information is especially relevant when treating patients about to make or in the middle of life transitions, such as college, marriage and childbearing, because such times are often associated with sleep deprivation in younger years.
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